Which option shows the correct statement about pull vs push marketing?

• A. Push emphasizes consumer advertising
• B. Push relies on research
• C. Pull emphasizes advertising to generate demand
• D. Pull relies on trade promotions

Answer: (C)

Pull marketing focuses on creating demand at the consumer level through advertising and branding, so that retailers stock the product because customers are asking for it. That emphasis on consumer advertising to generate demand is what characterizes pull marketing, making it the best description among the options.

The other ideas mix up the emphasis. Push marketing centers on moving products through the channel by promoting to intermediaries—retailers and distributors—often using trade promotions and sales efforts to get shelf space. Advertising to consumers is not the defining feature of push. Relying on research isn’t the distinguishing factor of push versus pull, since both approaches use market research; it’s about where the promotional effort is directed. And trade promotions are a hallmark of push, not pull, since they aim to persuade channel members rather than the end consumer.